Refraction is the phenomenon of bending of light as it passes through one medium to another. This bending occurs due to the difference in the speed of light in different media. The change in direction of light is caused by the change in its speed. The amount of bending depends on the angle at which the light enters the new medium and the difference in the speed of light between the two media. Refraction is a fundamental concept in optics and is used in various applications such as lenses, prisms, and fiber optics.

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